Frances Turbine vs Kaplan Turbine

Frances Turbine vs Kaplan Turbine : What are the some of the differences between the two? 

Frances Turbine is one of the most widely used hydro turbines due to its high efficiency and versatility in a wide range of head and flow conditions. 

Kaplan Turbine is typically used for low to medium head hydroelectric power generation, particularly in large scale plants.

Both Turbines are specifically designed to meet certain needs so lets find the difference between the Frances Turbine and Kaplan Turbine

To learn the difference between different turbine type read our article Difference Between Inward Flow and Outward Flow Reaction Hydro Turbine

Frances Turbine vs Kaplan Turbine

Type of Turbine

France Turbine is radially inward or mixed flow Turbine whereas Kaplan Turbine is partially axial floe

Position of shafts

In France Turbine position of shaft can be in vertical or horizontal whereas in Kaplan Turbine position of shaft is only in vertical direction.

Number of vanes

France Turbine has very large number of blades 16 to 24 whereas Kaplan Turbine has very small number of blades 3 to 8

Adjustment of runner vanes 

France Turbine Runner vanes are not adjustable whereas Kaplan Turbine Runner vanes are adjustable

Resistance to over come

France Turbine very large resistances have to be over come whereas Kaplan Turbine very less resistances have to be over come

Head

France Turbine medium head is required whereas Kaplan Turbine very low head is required

Flow Rate

France Turbine medium flow rate is required whereas Kaplan Turbine very large flow rate is required

Specific Speed

France Turbine 50 to 250 rpm whereas Kaplan Turbine 250 to 850 rpm 

Type of generator

France Turbine regular generator is required whereas Kaplan Turbine heavy duty generator is required

Conclusion on Frances turbine vs Kaplan Turbine

So that's was our comparison of Frances turbine vs Kaplan turbine. Hopefully this has added valuable knowledge and had cleared your concepts about difference between Frances turbine and Kaplan turbine.

Manufacturing Processes

Taking about the Manufacturing Operation They are classified into Two basic types

• Processing operations
• Assembly operations

1. Processing operations - transform a work material from one state of completion to a more advanced state Operations that change the geometry, properties, or appearance of the starting material

2. Assembly operations - join two or more components in order to create a new entity

Processing Process

Alters a work part's shape, physical properties, or appearance in order to add value to the material

Three categories of processing operations:

1. Shaping operations - alter the geometry of the starting work material

2. Property-enhancing operations – improve physical properties of the material without changing its shape

3. Surface processing operations - performed to

clean, treat, coat, or deposit material onto the exterior surface of the work

Shaping Process

Shaping in manufacturing is done by following four ways

1. Solidification processes - starting material is a heated liquid or semifluid that solidifies to form part geometry. Examples are casting of metals and molding of plastics

2. Particulate processing - starting material is a powder, and the powders are formed into desired geometry and then sintered to harden

3. Deformation processes - starting material is a ductile solid (commonly metal) that is deformed

4. Material removal processes - starting material is a solid (ductile or brittle), from which material is removed so resulting part has desired geometry

Property Enhancing Process

Property-Enhancing Processes is performed to improve mechanical or physical properties of the work material. Part shape is not altered, except unintentionally

Examples: Heat treatment of metals and glasses. Sintering of powdered metals and ceramics

Surface Processing 

1. Cleaning - chemical and mechanical processes to remove dirt, oil, and other contaminants from the surface

2. Surface treatments - mechanical working such as sand blasting, and physical processes like diffusion

3. Coating and thin film deposition - coating exterior surface of the work part.

Several surface processing operations used to fabricate integrated circuits

Assembly Operation

Two or more separate parts are joined to form a new entity

 Assembly operation in manufacturing process is classified as

1. Joining processes – create a permanent joint.

 Examples: welding, brazing, soldering, and adhesive bonding

2. Mechanical assembly –fastening by mechanical methods

Examples: use of screws, bolts, nuts, other threaded fasteners; press fitting, expansion fits

Manufacturing Materials

In Manufacturing Four types of materials are used. Their chemistries are different, their mechanical and physical properties are dissimilar, and these differences affect the manufacturing processes that can be used to produce products from them

1. Metals

2. Ceramics

3. Polymers

4. Composites

Metals

In manufacturing metals are used usually in the form of  alloys, which are composed of two or more elements, at least one of which is metal

Metals used in manufacturing are classified into Two basic groups:

1. Ferrous metals - based on iron, comprise 75% of metal tonnage in the world:

•  Steel = iron-carbon alloy with 0.02 to 2.11% C
•  Cast iron = alloy with 2% to 4% C

2. Non ferrous metals - all other metallic elements and their alloys: aluminium, copper, gold, magnesium, nickel, silver, tin, titanium, etc.

Ceramics

A compound containing metallic (or semi-metallic) and non metallic elements. Typical nonmetallic elements are oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon

For manufacturing processing purposes, ceramics divide into:

1. Crystalline ceramics –includes:

• Traditional ceramics, such as clay (hydrous aluminium silicates)
• Modern ceramics, such as alumina (Al2O3)

2. Glasses –mostly based on silica (SiO2)

Polymers

A compound formed of repeating structural units called mers, whose atoms share electrons to form very large molecules

For manufacturing processes polymers are classified in Three categories:

1. Thermoplastic polymers - can be subjected to multiple heating and cooling cycles without altering their molecular structure

2. Thermosetting polymers - molecules chemically transform (cure) into a rigid structure upon cooling from a heated plastic condition

3  Elastomers - exhibit significant elastic behavior

Composites 

A material consisting of two or more phases that are processed separately and then bonded together to achieve properties superior to its constituents

• A phase = a homogeneous mass of material, such as grains of identical unit cell structure in a solid metal
• Usual structure consists of particles or fibers of one phase mixed in a second phase
• Properties depend on components, physical shapes of components, and the way they are combined to form the final material

Installing the crack Pro E Wild Fire 5

 When installation finish 

All Done